Lithium-ion battery capacity supply timeline rosy by 2030 but short of demand this year
Global cumulative lithium-ion battery capacity is certainly booming and could rise five-fold (or more) to 5,500 gigawatt-hour (GWh) between 2021 and 2030, says Wood Mackenzie, but in its base case scenario, battery supply will not meet demand until 2023.
“The electric vehicle (EV) market accounts for almost 80% of lithium-ion battery demand. High oil prices are supporting more markets to roll out zero-emission transportation policies, causing demand for lithium-ion battery to skyrocket and exceed 3,000 GWh by 2030,” said Wood Mackenzie consultant Jiayue Zheng. “The lithium-ion battery market already encountered shortages last year due to thriving EV market demand and rising raw material prices. Under our base case scenario, we project that battery supply will not meet demand until 2023.”
Global battery manufacturers are responding with massive expansion plans, taking total capacity to more than 5,500 GWh by 2030 across 300 manufacturing facilities. Among them, Chinese manufacturers have announced plans to build more than 3,000 GWh of capacity to date.
The Asia Pacific region, led by China, accounted for 90% of the world’s battery manufacturing in 2021. By the end of decade, the region is expected to reduce its share to 69%.
While North America’s cell capacity could expand 10-fold by 2030, it still lags behind Europe which is on track to overtake North America in 2022 and will account for over 20% of global capacity by 2030 through more rapid expansion.
The top 15 manufacturers by planned capacity put into operation a total of about 200 GWh in 2021, and the cumulative capacity reached 600 GWh. Meanwhile, 3,000 GWh of capacity is at the planning or construction stage. CATL leads the expansion with outstanding operating and planned capacity – 800 GWh in total by 2030. Chinese battery manufacturers such as SVOLT, CALB and Gotion High-Tech also have ambitious 2025 capacity targets.
Wood Mackenzie expects many more new plant announcements in 2022.
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